2020年北京卷
D
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms ( 算 法 ) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today’s AI pioneers want to move on from today’s world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today’s powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If we’re successful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machine … that can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced ( 强 化 ) by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford university philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today’s excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world’s foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.
42. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Enormous in quantity. B.Changeable daily.
C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
43. What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?
A. Help to tackle problems. B.Make brains more active.
C.Benefit ambitious people. D.Set up powerful databases.
44. As for Irving Good’s opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is .A. supportive B.disapproving
C.fearful D.uncertain
45. What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?
A. It may be only a dream.
B. It will come into being soon.
C. It will be controlled by humans.
D. It may be more dangerous than ever.
答案解析：
42. D.第一段中提到了一些AI的应用，如算法在金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，智能手机可以进行语言翻译等，这些应用已经变得无处不在，因此可以推断出“ubiquitous”的意思是“到处存在的，普遍的”。因此，答案为D。
43. A. 根据第二段中的句子“AGI could，its advocates say，work for us around the clock，and drawing on all available data，could suggest solutions to many problems.”可知，AGI的支持者认为AGI可以全天候为我们工作，利用所有可用的数据，提出许多问题的解决方案。因此，AGI可以帮助我们解决问题，答案为A。
44. B.作者在第三段中提到“Since the early days of AI，imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable.”，表明作者对人工智能的想象持怀疑态度，因此可以推断出作者对Irving Good关于超智能机器的观点持反对态度，答案为B。
45. A. 最后一段提到“我相信有很好的理由怀疑我们是否能在任何时候看到AGI，甚至是否能看到它”，因此可以推断出AGI可能只是一个梦想，即选项A。
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